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Operating systems include many heuristic algorithms designed to improve overall storage performance and throughput. Because such heuristics cannot work well for all conditions and workloads, system designers resorted to exposing numerous tunable parameters to users—thus burdening users with continually optimizing their own storage systems and applications. Storage systems are usually responsible for most latency in I/O-heavy applications, so even a small latency improvement can be significant. Machine learning (ML) techniques promise to learn patterns, generalize from them, and enable optimal solutions that adapt to changing workloads. We propose that ML solutions become a first-class component in OSs and replace manual heuristics to optimize storage systems dynamically. In this article, we describe our proposed ML architecture, called KML. We developed a prototype KML architecture and applied it to two case studies: optimizing readahead and NFS read-size values. Our experiments show that KML consumes less than 4 KB of dynamic kernel memory, has a CPU overhead smaller than 0.2%, and yet can learn patterns and improve I/O throughput by as much as 2.3× and 15× for two case studies—even for complex, never-seen-before, concurrently running mixed workloads on different storage devices. 

BBR is a newer TCP congestion control algorithm with promising features, but it can often be unfair to existing loss-based congestion-control algorithms. This is because BBR's sending rate is dictated by static parameters that do not adapt well to dynamic and diverse network conditions. In this work, we introduce BBR-ML, an in-kernel ML-based tuning system for BBR, designed to improve fairness when in competition with loss-based congestion control. To build BBR-ML, we discretized the network condition search space and trained a model on 2,500 different network conditions. We then modified BBR to run an in-kernel model to predict network buffer sizes, and then use this prediction for optimal parameter settings. Our preliminary evaluation results show that BBR-ML can improve fairness when in competition with Cubic by up to 30% in some cases.